Utility of the 3‐Vessel and 3‐Vessel and Trachea Views in Prenatal Diagnosis of a Pulmonary Artery Sling

A pulmonary artery (PA) sling is a very rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly, and only a few studies have reported PA slings in fetuses. The relationship of the PA, aorta, ductus arteriosus, and trachea can be evaluated in the 3‐vessel and 3‐vessel and trachea views during fetal echocardiography. A PA sling can be detected by abnormal positioning of the left PA in relation to the trachea when sweeping from the 3‐vessel view cranially to the 3‐vessel and trachea view. Here we report 3 cases of fetal PA slings and their follow‐ups. Two cases were confirmed by postnatal echocardiography, and the other case was confirmed by a cardiovascular cast after pregnancy termination. We emphasize that the 3‐vessel and 3‐vessel and trachea views are of crucial importance in the prenatal diagnosis of a PA sling.     

Management of Chronically Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty With Severe Bone Loss Using Static Spacers With Intramedullary Rods

BackgroundTwo-stage revision with static antibiotic spacers is the preferred treatment for chronically infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA) associated with severe bone loss. Intramedullary rods to reinforce static spacers have been described. On those, however, bacterial colonization may occur and hamper infection control. This study reports the microbiological findings on the spacer rods and the treatment outcome among these patients.MethodsWe reviewed 97 infected TKA with extensive bone loss treated with antibiotic-loaded cement spacers reinforced with intramedullary rods. Mean interim period with the spacer in situ was 9 weeks (range: 6-24 weeks). Intraoperative cultures and sonicated spacer rods were analyzed. Mean follow-up after TKA reimplantation was 41 months (range: 27-56 months). Treatment success was defined using the modified Delphi consensus criteria.ResultsTwenty-two patients (23%) had treatment failure, including 3 reinfections caused by the same organism, 9 reinfections caused by a different organism, 9 patients required interim spacer exchange, and 1 patient died in the early postoperative course. Sonication cultures of the spacer rods were positive in 2 cases (2%), and none of them failed. Host and limb status was significantly worse in patients who sustained reinfection. At the latest follow-up, all patients had a TKA in place, and 2 patients received chronic antibiotic suppression.ConclusionTwo-stage revision with the use of intramedullary rods is a safe and efficient treatment for chronically infected TKA with severe bone loss. Most reinfections grew different organisms compared with initial infection. Compromised hosts and extremities may be subjected to chronic antibiotic suppression.     

8种寄生虫病例分析

本文报道并分析8例寄生虫病例,其中包括脑裂头蚴病、眼部裂头蚴病、肺吸虫幼虫移行症、肺吸虫病、钩虫病、肝吸虫病、包虫病和广州管圆线虫病各1例。8例寄生虫病均有不同程度的误诊,其中6例在寄生虫抗体筛查检测阳性后得以确诊。因此,寄生虫病应引起临床医生的重视,抗体筛查有助于发现寄生虫病例。     

支气管镜灌注术联合抗生素治疗肺癌术后感染的疗效观察

目的探讨支气管镜灌注术(BP)联合抗生素治疗肺癌术后感染的效果及对血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)水平的影响。方法选取2017年5月至2018年9月间西安市北方医院收治的80例肺癌术后感染患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者采用常规抗感染治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗基础上应用BP联合局部灌注抗生素治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效、呼吸力学指标、血清TNF-α、IL-8、hs-CRP、PCT及不良反应情况。结果观察组患者临床治疗总有效率为92.5%,高于对照组患者的75.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的气道峰压(PIP)、动态顺应性(Cdyn)、呼吸做功(WOB)和气道阻力(Raw)指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的PIP、WOB和Raw指标均下降,且观察组均低于对照组,两组患者Cdyn指标均上升,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者TNF-α、IL-8、hs-CRP和PCT指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者TNF-α、IL-8、hs-CRP和PCT指标均下降,且观察组上述指标均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗期间,对照组患者出现呛咳1例,低氧血症1例,发绀1例;观察组患者出现低氧血症1例,对症治疗后,两组患者症状均消失。两组患者不良反应情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用BP联合抗生素治疗肺癌术后感染患者疗效确切,可有效减轻炎症反应,提升呼吸功能。     

Diabetes Mellitus and Periapical Abscess: A Cross-sectional Study

IntroductionDental morbidities associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) include an increased prevalence of periodontal diseases (PDs). However, the occurrence of periapical infections in DM has not been sufficiently documented in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of periapical abscesses (PAs) in type 1 DM (T1DM) patients, type 2 DM (T2DM) patients, and nondiabetics in a hospital-based population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study by accessing the University of Florida Health Integrated Data Repository, and diagnoses of T1DM, T2DM, and PA were obtained from queries using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. The following parameters were recorded: age, sex, and race. A logistic regression model for aggregated data was used to assess the association between the occurrence of PA and the diabetic groups (T1DM, T2DM, and nondiabetic groups) after adjusting for PDs and cardiovascular disease (CVD).ResultsAmong 867,526 patients, we found 5260 (0.6%) with T1DM and 52,493 (6.1%) with T2DM. The prevalence of PAs in the total hospital population was 4923 (0.6%), 102 patients (1%) with T1DM and 766 (6%) with T2DM with statistically significant differences. In subjects without PDs, diabetic patients are almost 3 times likely to have PAs compared with nondiabetic subjects. Among subjects with PDs, the association is weaker (odds ratio = 1.35) but still significant at a level of 0.05. In subjects without CVD, DM subjects are greater than 3 times more likely to have PA, whereas among subjects with CVD, subjects with DM are 1.5 times more likely to have PA.ConclusionsA higher prevalence of PAs was reported in diabetic patients compared with the other hospital population. Comprehensive dental treatment should be administered to diabetic patients to maximize glycemic control.     

重庆地区3～12岁儿童肺通气功能预计方程式的初步建立

目的　建立学龄前期及小学阶段学龄期儿童的肺通气功能参数预计方程式。方法　采用德国JAEGER公司MasterScreen Pead肺功能仪，于2017年4月至2018年9月对重庆地区主城两所幼儿园及小学的458名3～12岁儿童进行肺通气功能测定。采用SAS9.4统计软件包，通过单因素线性回归模型分析各已知及潜在的影响因素与各肺功能参数的相关性，以各肺功能指标实测值为因变量，以性别、年龄、身高、体重为自变量，通过多元逐步回归建立线性回归方程。将构建的方程式与文献中相应年龄段的肺功能预计方程式进行比较，采用相对预测误差平均值评价各公式的适用性。结果　对于学龄前期儿童，肺功能各指标［剩余25%肺活量时的用力呼气流量（MEF25）除外］均与月龄、身高、体重相关，性别与用力肺活量（FVC）、第0.5秒用力呼气容积（FEV0.5）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、呼气峰流速（PEF）、MEF75、MEF50和最大通气量（MVV）相关。对于学龄期儿童，年龄、身高、体重与除呼气中段流速（MMEF）外的各肺功能指标均有显著相关性，性别与FVC、FEV1、FEV0.5/FVC、MEF50、MVV显著相关。预计公式模型比较后显示，该次构建的模型对该研究群体有较好的适用性。结论　年龄、身高和体重为影响学龄前期和学龄期儿童肺通气功能参数的主要变量，性别对学龄前期儿童肺功能参数的影响多于学龄期儿童，应根据不同年龄段建立各项肺通气功能指标的预计公式。该模型的构建可为3～12岁儿童肺通气功能相关参数的预测提供帮助。